Guided+Reading+Summary+questions+asigned+2+24+2012

__Republic__ is a nation in which power rasps citizens __Senate__ is the law making body of ROME The __council__: one of 2 officials elected by Senate to head government A __patrician__ was a member of the nobility __Plebian__ and was an ordinary person
 * 1) What is the Republic, The Senate, Council, patrician, plebian(227-228)

2. Explain the origins of early Rome(225-226) Tiber River gave access to inland areas Goods and ideas passed Through Ostia, the Roman harbor to Africa and northern Europe

3. Describe the major changes in governments during the history of Rome (227-229) founded on Italian peninsula Culture influenced by a Etruscans in Greeks Language : Latin Ruled by Kings ||  || Republic Augustus first to take title of Emperor Peace lasted for 200 years Spread of Romans culture ||
 * City state
 * power rests and the people
 * Laws made by Senate
 * Two counsels led government
 * Conquered many Nations || //Empire//

4. Why was Ostia such an important port? (226) Goods and ideas passed Through Ostia, the Roman harbor to Africa and northern Europe

5. Describe the influence of the Etruscans, the Latins and the Greeks on Roman civilization. (226-227) War like Etruscan Kings ruled Rome until in 509 BC the Romans overthrew the Etruscan King and created a Democracy || Latin Language came from their language Farming and herding || Greeks influenced: Religion Government Art ||
 * Etruscans || North of Italy
 * Latins || Center of Peninsula
 * Greeks colonies || South of Rome

6. What were the major changes in government during the history of Rome (227-229) see #3 7. What aspects of Greek culture might the Romans have found useful? (227) Building, government. Warfare 8. Why would Carthage and Rome become enemies? (228) Each wanted to control the Mediterranean

9. As Rome expanded why would it want to control Egypt? (228-229) **__ inference __** Rome needed Egypt’s grain to feed people 10. Why did Romans end up with a dictator considering how determined they were to not give power to a King? (229 __ ) ____ inference __ Wealth and power corrupted the simple Republican ideals

11. Describe everyday life in a Roman Household (232-233) Father was the master of the Household paterfamilias Women were responsible for the home, they could own property but could not vote Boys from wealthy families went to school to learn literature and oratory Girls married at 14, learned to sing, dance and play music Slaves did the housework

12. List ways in which the forum was the center of a Roman town(234-235) Forum center of public life, business, and entertainment, most Roman towns had a forum Forum was the symbol of city’s power Forum was holy ground for temples Spectacular entertainment such as gladiatorial games in large Roman theaters like the coliseum

13. Why was a well trained army so important to Rome? (236) Empire built on the victories of the large well trained army Organized into legions with 4 to 6 thousand soldiers each With discipline and skill technology the conquered a large part of the known world

14. Analyze the relationship between water and community in Roman Life(236-237) __ inference __ Engineering provided water which helped to spread culture Aqueducts structures consisting of tunnels and bridges carrying water Water had to move by gravity and so all channels for water had to be a slope where water would move slowly Public bathhouses, toilets. Private households helped people move into areas previously where there was no water Public baths established 15. Explain the role of religion in Roman society(238-239) Gods and goddesses were involved in human lives Offerings in temples and at household altars encouraged gods to be friendly As empire expanded Rome adopted gods of conquered people Parthenon o built to honor all gods by Hadrian 16. How would the army and aqueducts be able to spread Roman culture? (236-239)inference Built roads connecting parts of the country || Aqueducts carried water to cities Public bathhouses and Roman style off home life established ||
 * The Army || water ||
 * Established forts in captured territory

17. Why were early Christian persecuted? (245) They would not respect the authority of the emperors, God was the authority, not the emperoer

18. Why did the Roman Empire divide into two? (248) Roman Empire had grown too large for one-person to rule outlying provinces rebelled or were conquered by outsiders Army commanders struggled for power and Emperors were murdered Diocletian finally divided the Empire into 2 parts

19. What led to the decline and end of the Roman Empire? (248-249) Loss of unity, loss of support for the government, and invasions outlying provinces rebelled or were conquered by outsiders Army commanders struggled for power and Emperors were murdered Local armies loyal to commanders not to the empire People were resentful of the state Army could not keep out invaders To support the Army and bureaucracy government imposed heavy taxes people grew increasingly resentful of local authority people outside of the Empire called barbarian Attacking Visigoths came from Germany and destroyed much of Rome in 410 AD

20. What did Diocletian do? (248)

Roman Empire had grown too large for one-person to rule

Diocletian divided the Romans Empire into 2 halves he ruled the Eastern half called the Eastern Romans Empire Diocletian chose an old friend to rule the Western Romans Empire this was the first step toward increasing the independence of the Eastern and Western parts of the Romans Empire

21. Who was Romulus Augustus? (249) Romulus Augustus was the final emperor overthrown in 476 AD

22. Who led people in Europe and Near East after the end of the Roman Empire? (249) A new kind of ruler rose up he was the head of all the Bishops The head of the Bishops is called the Pope he got great religious and political power for centuries to come

23. What was the official state religion after the end of the Roman Empire? (249)

Christianity became the officials state religion

24. Describe the difference between the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. (249-250)